Does Croatian also have dialects?
Despite being a relatively small country, Croatian has three main dialects which means that practically speaking a villager from northern Croatia might have problems understanding a fishermen from the farthest populated Croatian island Lastovo, because they speak completely different dialects of the Croatian language!
Čakavian – spoken along the Croatian coast, on many islands and in the Lika region
Kajkavian – spoken in northern and northwestern Croatia
Štokavian – spoken in the rest of Croatia
The basics on the Croatian alphabet
The Croatian alphabet has 30 letters in total, and differs from the standard Latin alphabet in the following ways:
- The Croatian alphabet has the following additional letters: č, ć, dž, đ, lj, nj, š and ž
- The Croatian alphabet doesn't have the letters: q, w, x and y
Did you know?
Although nowadays Croatian uses the Latin alphabet, Croatian was originally written in Glagolitic, the oldest known Slavic alphabet, which was invented in the 9th and commonly used until as late as the 18th century!
Pronouncing Croatian letters and words
In Croatia, each letter represents a single sound, which means that after a little practice, Croatian words are consistently very easy to pronounce.
When learning Croatian, you should keep the following points in mind:
- Every single letter must be clearly enunciated
- There are no silent letters
- There are no special combinations of letters that together create one sound
- Letters are pronounced the same, regardless of which their position in the word
The Croatian alphabet
Here's a guide to pronouncing each letter in the Croatian alphabet:
Letter | Pronunciation and Example | Croatian word | Listen |
A
|
/a/ |
past |
centar – center |
|
B
|
/b/ |
bat |
baka – grandma |
|
C
|
/ts/ |
hats |
bicikl – bike |
|
Č
|
/tʃ/ |
chalk |
čokolada – chocolate |
|
Ć
|
/tɕ/ |
church |
noć – night |
|
D
|
/d/ |
day |
dan – day |
|
Dž
|
/dʒ/ |
fudge |
džep – pocket |
|
Đ
|
/dʑ/ |
schedule in American English |
đavao – devil |
|
E
|
/e/ |
let |
meso – meat |
|
F
|
/f/ |
film |
film – film |
|
G
|
/ɡ/ |
game |
garaža – garage |
|
H
|
/x/ |
heaven |
duhan – tobacco |
|
I
|
/i/ |
east |
internet – internet |
|
J
|
/j/ |
yes |
jabuka – apple |
|
K
|
/k/ |
cut |
kino – cinema |
|
L
|
/l/ |
love |
mlijeko – milk |
|
Lj
|
/ʎ/ |
million |
ljubav – love |
|
M
|
/m/ |
mice |
more – sea |
|
N
|
/n/ |
nice |
novac – money |
|
Nj
|
/ɲ/ |
canyon |
Njemačka – Germany |
|
O
|
/o/ |
opera |
opera – opera |
|
P
|
/p/ |
pick |
prst – finger |
|
R
|
/r/ |
Fritz rolled, rhotic "r", as in Scottish, Irish & some rural English dialects |
prst – finger |
|
S
|
/s/ |
sound |
salata – salad, lettuce |
|
Š
|
/ʃ/ |
shut |
škola – school |
|
T
|
/t/ |
time |
tišina – silence |
|
U
|
/u/ |
shoot |
uho – ear |
|
V
|
/ʋ/ |
vest |
vrijeme – time, weather |
|
Z
|
/z/ |
zest |
zima – winter |
|
Ž
|
/ʒ/ |
pleasure |
žaba – frog |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise: How would you pronounce the following words?
We chose some really difficult words for you ;-)